![]() Enter the desired final volume for the serial dilution.If the unit of the stock solution is different than that of the initial concentration, the molar mass of the stock solution will be required.The initial concentration can, however, be the same as the stock solution concentration. Please note that the initial concentration value cannot exceed the concentration of the stock solution. For a series of test tubes, this is the desired concentration of the first test tube. In a microplate format, this represents the desired concentration of the first well. Enter the desired initial concentration.Enter the stock solution concentration and select the appropriate unit.Enter the name of the diluent (solution used to dilute the stock solution).Serial dilutions can be calculated either using a starting concentration and dilution factor OR a concentration range. Select the method for calculating the serial dilution.The tool below can be used to create a protocol for preparing a serial dilution from a stock solution. For instance, creating a two-fold dilution with a starting concentration of 10 µM yields the following concentrations: 10 µM, 5 µM, 2.5 µM, 1.25 µM, etc. A serial dilution is a sequence of dilutions created using the same dilution factor. Thus, when creating standards for a given assay, it is often necessary to prepare the standards using a serial dilution. For many quantification assays, the linearity range is logarithmic in nature. This represents the range of quantities over which response values are directly proportional to changes in the target of interest. Standards for the calibration curve are typically chosen such that they span the linearity of a given assay. From this curve, the quantity of target in a sample can be calculated. ![]() These standards are used to create what is known as a calibration curve, or standard curve. Serial dilution is also a cheaper and simpler method for preparing cultures from a single cell than optical tweezers and micromanipulators.For many quantification assays, a set of standards must be run alongside test samples in order to calibrate an experiment properly. As, for instance, the number and size of bacterial colonies that grow on an agar plate in a given time is concentration-dependent, and since many other diagnostic techniques involve physically counting the number of micro-organisms or cells on specials printed with grids (for comparing concentrations of two organisms or cell types in the sample) or wells of a given volume (for absolute concentrations), dilution can be useful for getting more manageable results. In biology and medicine, besides the more conventional uses described above, serial dilution may also be used to reduce the concentration of microscopic organisms or cells in a sample. In biology and medicine Serial dilution and plating of bacteria Serial dilutions are widely used in experimental sciences, including biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and physics. A tenfold dilution for each step is called a logarithmic dilution or log-dilution, a 3.16-fold (10 0.5-fold) dilution is called a half-logarithmic dilution or half-log dilution, and a 1.78-fold (10 0.25-fold) dilution is called a quarter-logarithmic dilution or quarter-log dilution. Serial dilutions are used to accurately create highly diluted solutions as well as solutions for experiments resulting in concentration curves with a logarithmic scale. A ten-fold serial dilution could be 1 M, 0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M. ![]() Usually the dilution factor at each step is constant, resulting in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion. Stepwise dilution of a substance in solution Logarithmic dilutionĪ serial dilution is the stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. ![]()
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